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- 1From: Biology Direct. (Vol. 8, Issue 1) Peer-ReviewedBackground Alvinella pompejana is an annelid worm that inhabits deep-sea hydrothermal vent sites in the Pacific Ocean. Living at a depth of approximately 2500 meters, these worms experience extreme environmental...
- 2From: Biology Direct. (Vol. 8, Issue 1) Peer-ReviewedThanks to advances in next-generation technologies, genome sequences are now being generated at breadth (e.g. across environments) and depth (thousands of closely related strains, individuals or samples) unimaginable...
- 3From: Biology Direct. (Vol. 8, Issue 1) Peer-ReviewedBackground Hypermethylation of CpG islands is thought to contribute to carcinogenesis through the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Tumor cells with relatively high levels of CpG island methylation are...
- 4From: Biology Direct. (Vol. 8, Issue 1) Peer-ReviewedBackground The translation machinery underlies a multitude of biological processes within the cell. The design and implementation of the modern translation apparatus on even the simplest course of action is extremely...
- 5From: Biology Direct. (Vol. 8, Issue 1) Peer-ReviewedBackground The modern evolutionary synthesis leaves unresolved some of the mostfundamental, long-standing questions in evolutionary biology: What is therole of sex in evolution? How does complex adaptation evolve?...
- 6From: Biology Direct. (Vol. 8, Issue 1) Peer-ReviewedReviewers This article was reviewed by Prof Xiufan Liu (nominated by Dr Purificacion Lopez-Garcia) and Prof Sandor Pongor. Using phylogenetic analysis on newly available sequences, we characterize...
- 7From: Biology Direct. (Vol. 8, Issue 1) Peer-ReviewedPunctuational theories of evolution suggest that adaptive evolution proceeds mostly, or even entirely, in the distinct periods of existence of a particular species. The mechanisms of this punctuated nature of evolution...
- 8From: Biology Direct. (Vol. 8, Issue 1) Peer-ReviewedBackground The Michaelis-Menten equation, proposed a century ago, describes the kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed biochemical reactions. Since then, this equation has been used in countless, increasingly complex models of...
- 9From: Biology Direct. (Vol. 8, Issue 1) Peer-ReviewedAuthor(s): Eugene V Koonin1 , Laura F Landweber2 and David J Lipman1 Biology Direct , an online open access journal published by BioMed Central, is celebrating its 7th anniversary. Biology Direct started as an...
- 10From: Biology Direct. (Vol. 8, Issue 1) Peer-ReviewedBackground MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-uniformly distributed in genomes and ~30% of the miRNAs in the human genome are clustered. In this study we have focused on the imprinted miRNA cluster miR-379/miR-656 on...
- 11From: Biology Direct. (Vol. 8, Issue 1) Peer-ReviewedTwintrons represent a special intronic arrangement in which introns of two different types occupy the same gene position. Consequently, alternative splicing of these introns requires two different spliceosomes competing...
- 12From: Biology Direct. (Vol. 8, Issue 1) Peer-ReviewedBackground In the past, numerous methods have been developed for predicting antigenic regions or B-cell epitopes that can induce B-cell response. To the best of authors' knowledge, no method has been developed for...
- 13From: Biology Direct. (Vol. 8, Issue 1) Peer-ReviewedBackground The major role of enzymatic toxins that target nucleic acids in biological conflicts at all levels has become increasingly apparent thanks in large part to the advances of comparative genomics. Typically,...
- 14From: Biology Direct. (Vol. 8, Issue 1) Peer-ReviewedBackground The generation of interferon-gamma (IFN-[gamma]) by MHC class II activated CD4.sup.+ T helper cells play a substantial contribution in the control of infections such as caused by Mycobacterium...
- 15From: Biology Direct. (Vol. 8, Issue 1) Peer-ReviewedBackground A single cultured marine organism, Nanoarchaeum equitans, represents the Nanoarchaeota branch of symbiotic Archaea, with a highly reduced genome and unusual features such as multiple split genes....
- 16From: Biology Direct. (Vol. 8, Issue 1) Peer-ReviewedBackground It is commonly assumed that a heterotrophic ancestor of the supergroup Archaeplastida/Plantae engulfed a cyanobacterium that was transformed into a primary plastid; however, it is still unclear how...
- 17From: Biology Direct. (Vol. 8, Issue 1) Peer-ReviewedAbstract The bacterial SOS response is an elaborate program for DNA repair, cell cycle regulation and adaptive mutagenesis under stress conditions. Using sensitive sequence and structure analysis, combined with...
- 18From: Biology Direct. (Vol. 8, Issue 1) Peer-ReviewedAbstract Biological systems produce outputs in response to variable inputs. Input-output relations tend to follow a few regular patterns. For example, many chemical processes follow the S-shaped Hill equation...
- 19From: Biology Direct. (Vol. 8, Issue 1) Peer-ReviewedInvasive cell growth and migration is usually considered a specifically metazoan phenomenon. However, common features and mechanisms of cytoskeletal rearrangements, membrane trafficking and signalling processes...
- 20From: Biology Direct. (Vol. 8, Issue 1) Peer-ReviewedBackground Non-linear, parabolic (sub-exponential) and hyperbolic (super-exponential) models of prebiological evolution of molecular replicators have been proposed and extensively studied. The parabolic models appear...