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- 1From: Molecular Neurodegeneration. (Vol. 6) Peer-ReviewedFibrillar amyloid [beta] (fA[beta]) peptide is the major component of A[beta] plaques in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Inflammatory mediators have previously been proposed to be drivers of A[beta]...
- 2From: Molecular Neurodegeneration. (Vol. 6) Peer-ReviewedBackground Evidence shows that the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and leptin reduce [beta]-amyloid (A[beta]) production and tau phosphorylation, two major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). IGF-1 expression...
- 3From: Molecular Neurodegeneration. (Vol. 6) Peer-ReviewedBackground A recently published genome-wide association study (GWAS) of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) revealed genome-wide significant association of variants in or near MS4A4A, CD2AP, EPHA1 and CD33....
- 4From: Molecular Neurodegeneration. (Vol. 6) Peer-ReviewedBackground Atypical expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the molecular mechanisms by which they induce neurodegeneration are not well understood. We...
- 5From: Molecular Neurodegeneration. (Vol. 6) Peer-ReviewedBackground Previous studies indicate a role of P2X.sub.7 receptors in processes that lead to neuronal death. The main objective of our study was to examine whether genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade of...
- 6From: Molecular Neurodegeneration. (Vol. 6) Peer-ReviewedBackground Brimonidine is a common drug for lowering ocular pressure and may directly protect retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma. The disease involves early loss of retinal ganglion cell transport to brain targets...
- 7From: Molecular Neurodegeneration. (Vol. 6) Peer-ReviewedBackground Oxidative stress plays an important role in neuronal dysfunction and neuron loss in Alzheimer's brain. Previous studies have reported downregulation of CREB-mediated transcription by oxidative stress and...
- 8From: Molecular Neurodegeneration. (Vol. 6) Peer-ReviewedBackground Fractalkine/CX.sub.3 CL1 and its cognate receptor CX.sub.3 CR1 are abundantly expressed in the CNS. Fractalkine is an unusual C-X3-C motif chemokine that is important in neuron-microglial communication, a...
- 9From: Molecular Neurodegeneration. (Vol. 6) Peer-ReviewedBackground Though originally discovered in the immune system as an important mediator of inflammation, NF-[kappa]B has recently been shown to play key roles in the central nervous system, such as synaptogenesis,...
- 10From: Molecular Neurodegeneration. (Vol. 6) Peer-ReviewedBackground Parkinson's disease (PD) and cerebral ischemia are chronic and acute neurodegenerative diseases, respectively, and onsets of these diseases are thought to be induced at least by oxidative stress. PD is...
- 11From: Molecular Neurodegeneration. (Vol. 6) Peer-ReviewedBackground Giant Axonal Neuropathy (GAN) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder with early onset characterized by a severe deterioration of the peripheral and central nervous system, involving both the motor and the...
- 12From: Molecular Neurodegeneration. (Vol. 6) Peer-ReviewedBackground Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra (SN). Transforming growth factor-[beta]1 (TGF-[beta]1) levels increase in patients with PD, although the...
- 13From: Molecular Neurodegeneration. (Vol. 6) Peer-ReviewedBackground Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)s that are essentially unequivocally associated with peripheral cholesterol. Since the alleles of the APOE...
- 14From: Molecular Neurodegeneration. (Vol. 6) Peer-ReviewedBackground Methamphetamine (METH), an addictive psycho-stimulant drug with euphoric effect is known to cause neurotoxicity due to oxidative stress, dopamine accumulation and glial cell activation. Here we...
- 15From: Molecular Neurodegeneration. (Vol. 6) Peer-ReviewedBackground Naturally occurring apoptosis is a developmental process that shapes the retina by eliminating overproduced neurons. In the absence of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member BAX, developmental apoptosis in...
- 16From: Molecular Neurodegeneration. (Vol. 6) Peer-ReviewedBackground Thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) benefits patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, tPA increases the risk for intracerebral bleeding and enhances post-ischemic neuronal...
- 17From: Molecular Neurodegeneration. (Vol. 6) Peer-ReviewedBackground Oxidative stress is a key pathophysiological mechanism contributing to degenerative processes in many neurodegenerative diseases and therefore, unraveling molecular mechanisms underlying various stages of...
- 18From: Molecular Neurodegeneration. (Vol. 6) Peer-ReviewedBackground Aggregatable amyloid [beta]-peptide (A[beta]) and non-aggregatable p3-Alc[alpha] are metabolic products of the [gamma]-secretase cleavage of amyloid [beta]-protein precursor (APP) and Alcadein[alpha]...
- 19From: Molecular Neurodegeneration. (Vol. 6) Peer-ReviewedBackground Molecular changes in multiple biological processes contribute to the development of chronic neurodegeneration such as late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). To discover how these changes are reflected at...
- 20From: Molecular Neurodegeneration. (Vol. 6) Peer-ReviewedBackground Tau protein is the principal component of the neurofibrillary tangles found in Alzheimer's disease, where it is hyperphosphorylated on serine and threonine residues, and recently phosphotyrosine has been...