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- 1From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 5, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedThe Problem of Inferring Causality in Epidemiology The notion of risk is central to epidemiological research, both in its original context of studying conditions thought to be caused by a particular factor and, more...
- 2From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 5, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedBackground Despite guidelines establishing the need to perform comprehensive paediatric drug development programs, pivotal trials in children with epilepsy have been completed mostly in Phase IV as a postapproval...
- 3From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 5, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedDESCRIPTION of CASE A 72-year-old woman was admitted with progressive lower limb weakness, such that she was unable to stand or walk. She was previously healthy, accustomed to play tennis twice a week. Five days...
- 4From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 5, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedDuring the 1990s, high levels of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) resistance to common antimalarials were reported from malaria-endemic countries, raising questions about the efficacy of chloroquine (CQ), then the mainstay of...
- 5From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 5, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedBackground Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) is a major component of the glial scar. It is considered to be a major obstacle for central nervous system (CNS) recovery after injury, especially in light of its...
- 6From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 5, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedSepsis is a progressive injurious process resulting from a systemic inflammatory response to infection [1]. In developed countries, sepsis is an important cause of mortality: in the United States alone, up to 750,000...
- 7From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 5, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedBackground Animal models are critical tools for the preclinical evaluation of drugs. Yet in the HIV field, the value of such models for predicting the success of preventive drug and vaccination strategies in humans...
- 8From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 5, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedBackground Increasing efforts and financial resources are being invested in early cancer detection research. Blood assays detecting tumor biomarkers promise noninvasive and financially reasonable screening for early...
- 9From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 5, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedIn the June 2008 issue of PLoS Medicine, Doruk Ozgediz and Robert Riviello made a convincing case that surgical conditions should be considered as "neglected diseases" disproportionately affecting the world's poorest...
- 10From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 5, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedThe Association between CRP and Diabetes In this issue of PLoS Medicine, Eric Brunner and colleagues address the causal nature of the association between C-reactive protein (CRP), the classical acute phase reactant,...
- 11From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 5, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedGlobal tuberculosis control is threatened by dramatic increases in HIV-related tuberculosis and by the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. Highly lethal outbreaks of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis among...
- 12From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 5, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedIn April 2006, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID)-funded HIV Vaccine Trials Network and the NIAID Division of AIDS sponsored a workshop at which nonhuman primate (NHP) researchers and...
- 13From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 5, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedBackground The rectum is particularly vulnerable to HIV transmission having only a single protective layer of columnar: epithelium overlying tissue rich in activated lymphoid cells; thus, unprotected anal intercourse...
- 14From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 5, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedBackground Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability. A reliable prediction of outcome on admission is of great clinical relevance. We aimed to develop prognostic models with readily...
- 15From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 5, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedBackground Raised C-reactive protein (CRP) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. According to the Mendelian randomization method, the association is likely to be causal if genetic variants that affect CRP level are...
- 16From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 5, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedChildren are often touted as being very important members of society because they represent our future. Optimizing their health outcomes has the potential for a huge impact on public health because children are at an...
- 17From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 5, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedChristie Y. Jeon, Megan B. Murray Correction for: Jeon CY, Murray MB (2008) Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of active tuberculosis: A systematic review of 13 observational studies. PLoS Med 5(7): e152....
- 18From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 5, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability throughout the world. The annual incidence of TBI in the United States has been estimated at between 180 and 250 per 100,000 population per year [1]....
- 19From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 5, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedBackground Large state tobacco control programs have been shown to reduce smoking and would be expected to affect health care costs. We investigate the effect of California's large-scale tobacco control program on...