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- 1From: PLoS Pathogens. (Vol. 5, Issue 4) Peer-ReviewedMalaria is initiated when the mosquito introduces sporozoites into the skin of a mammalian host. To successfully continue the infection, sporozoites must invade blood vessels in the dermis and be transported to the...
- 2From: PLoS Pathogens. (Vol. 5, Issue 4) Peer-ReviewedNeisseria meningitidis is a major cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis worldwide. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of the Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane, is sensed by mammalian cells through...
- 3From: PLoS Pathogens. (Vol. 5, Issue 4) Peer-ReviewedBacteria use a variety of secreted virulence factors to manipulate host cells, thereby causing significant morbidity and mortality. We report a mechanism for the long-distance delivery of multiple bacterial virulence...
- 4From: PLoS Pathogens. (Vol. 5, Issue 4) Peer-ReviewedBinding to the CD4 receptor induces conformational changes in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein. These changes allow gp120 to bind the coreceptor, either CCR5 or CXCR4, and...
- 5From: PLoS Pathogens. (Vol. 5, Issue 4) Peer-ReviewedMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) resides in a long-lived phagosomal compartment that resists maturation. The manner by which Mtb antigens are processed and presented on MHC Class I molecules is poorly understood. Using...
- 6From: PLoS Pathogens. (Vol. 5, Issue 4) Peer-ReviewedHuman lymphocyte antigen (H LA) -restricted CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) target and kill HIV-infected cells expressing cognate viral epitopes. This response selects for escape mutations within CTL epitopes that...
- 7From: PLoS Pathogens. (Vol. 5, Issue 4) Peer-ReviewedThe neuroinvasive property of several alpha-herpesviruses underlies an uncommon infectious process that includes the establishment of life-long latent infections in sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system....
- 8From: PLoS Pathogens. (Vol. 5, Issue 4) Peer-ReviewedAn important task in the life of bacteria is to influence their environment, which for commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic bacteria also includes their hosts. This is done primarily by secreting various sets of...
- 9From: PLoS Pathogens. (Vol. 5, Issue 4) Peer-ReviewedThe [gamma]-proteobacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 uses the type III secretion system to inject ca. 28 Avr/Hop effector proteins into plants, which enables the bacterium to grow from low...
- 10From: PLoS Pathogens. (Vol. 5, Issue 4) Peer-ReviewedFor successful colonization and further reproduction in host plants, pathogens need to overcome the innate defenses of the plant. We demonstrate that a novel pathogenicity gene, DES1, in Magnaporthe oryzae regulates...
- 11From: PLoS Pathogens. (Vol. 5, Issue 4) Peer-ReviewedAcute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a common illness affecting all age groups worldwide, causing an estimated three million deaths annually. Viruses such as rotavirus, adenovirus, and caliciviruses are a major cause of AGE,...
- 12From: PLoS Pathogens. (Vol. 5, Issue 4) Peer-ReviewedElite suppressors (ES) are a rare subset of HIV-1-infected individuals who are able to maintain HIV-1 viral loads below the limit of detection by ultra-sensitive clinical assays in the absence of antiretroviral therapy....
- 13From: PLoS Pathogens. (Vol. 5, Issue 4) Peer-ReviewedPlasmodium falciparum malaria causes 660 million clinical cases with over 2 million deaths each year. Acquired host immunity limits the clinical impact of malaria infection and provides protection against parasite...
- 14From: PLoS Pathogens. (Vol. 5, Issue 4) Peer-ReviewedFailure to establish an appropriate balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses is believed to contribute to pathogenesis of severe malaria. To determine whether this balance is maintained by classical...
- 15From: PLoS Pathogens. (Vol. 5, Issue 4) Peer-ReviewedPlasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes bind endothelial receptors to sequester in vascular beds, and binding to ICAM1 has been implicated in cerebral malaria. Binding to ICAM1 may be mediated by the variant surface...
- 16From: PLoS Pathogens. (Vol. 5, Issue 4) Peer-ReviewedRetnla (Resistin-like molecule alpha/FIZZ1) is induced during Th2 cytokine immune responses. However, the role of Retnla in Th2-type immunity is unknown. Here, using [Retnla.sup.-/-] mice and three distinct helminth...
- 17From: PLoS Pathogens. (Vol. 5, Issue 4) Peer-ReviewedChlamydia is an obligate intracellular pathogen that causes a wide range of diseases in humans. Attachment and entry are key processes in infectivity and subsequent pathogenesis of Chlamydia, yet the mechanisms...
- 18From: PLoS Pathogens. (Vol. 5, Issue 4) Peer-ReviewedHere we investigated the role of the Nod/Rip2 pathway in host responses to Chlamydophila pneumoniae-induced pneumonia in mice. [Rip2.sup.-/-] mice infected with C. pneumoniae exhibited impaired NOS expression and NO...
- 19From: PLoS Pathogens. (Vol. 5, Issue 4) Peer-ReviewedMacrophage-specific expression of Arginase-1 is commonly believed to promote inflammation, fibrosis, and wound healing by enhancing L-proline, polyamine, and Th2 cytokine production. Here, however, we show that...
- 20From: PLoS Pathogens. (Vol. 5, Issue 4) Peer-ReviewedThe malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum possesses a functional thioredoxin and glutathione system comprising the dithiol-containing redox proteins thioredoxin (Trx) and glutaredoxin (Grx), as well as plasmoredoxin...