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- 1From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 3, Issue 10) Peer-ReviewedTremendous strides have been made in treating HIV-1 infection in industrialized countries. Combination therapy with antiretroviral (ARV) drugs suppresses virus replication, delays disease progression, and reduces...
- 2From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 3, Issue 10) Peer-ReviewedIt is well established that diabetes mellitus is associated with adverse health outcomes. Data from general population cohorts indicate a 2- to 3-fold increase in cardiovascular risks and about a 50 percent increase in...
- 3From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 3, Issue 10) Peer-ReviewedCultural competency has become a fashionable term for clinicians and researchers. Yet no one can define this term precisely enough to operationalize it in clinical training and best practices. It is clear that culture...
- 4From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 3, Issue 10) Peer-ReviewedBecause of contact with patients, physicians readily appreciate that large-scale social forces--racism, gender inequality, poverty, political violence and war, and sometimes the very policies that address them--often...
- 5From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 3, Issue 10) Peer-ReviewedMigraine is an episodic brain disorder [1] that affects about 15 percent of the population [2,3]. The disorder can be highly disabling [4], and has been estimated to be the most costly neurological disorder in the...
- 6From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 3, Issue 10) Peer-ReviewedABSTRACT Background Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) is a human prion disease caused by infection with the agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. After the recognition of vCJD in the UK in 1996, many...
- 7From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 3, Issue 10) Peer-ReviewedThe concept of health promotion gradually emerged from the discipline of public health during the 1970s. In the mid-19th century, founders of the growing discipline of public health had stressed the importance of social,...
- 8From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 3, Issue 10) Peer-ReviewedRecognizing the potential severe impact of pandemic influenza, the World Health Organization (WHO) urges every country to develop or maintain an up-to-date national influenza preparedness plan, and provides guidance on...
- 9From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 3, Issue 10) Peer-ReviewedI want to tell you a story. After a lecture I gave recently at a well-known medical school on the possible utility of narrative to clinical practice, from the back of the auditorium came the first question of the...
- 10From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 3, Issue 10) Peer-ReviewedA typical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare disease involving haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure. There is growing evidence that the disease is associated with defective control of the...
- 11From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 3, Issue 10) Peer-ReviewedPostnatal depression (PND) occurs in 10 to 15 percent of mothers [1] and is therefore the commonest complication of childbearing. The morbidity of PND for the mother and its potentially negative associations with...
- 12From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 3, Issue 10) Peer-ReviewedIntroduction The academic discipline of social medicine has struggled to find a precise definition for over a century. This struggle is exemplified by the classic social medicine course book, The Social Medicine Reader...
- 13From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 3, Issue 10) Peer-ReviewedIn 1999, Leon Eisenberg wrote an essay entitled, "Does social medicine still matter in an era of molecular medicine?" [1]. Anticipating the scientific discussion that would accompany the complete mapping of the human...
- 14From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 3, Issue 10) Peer-ReviewedBackground to the debate: In many countries, the number of patients waiting for a kidney transplant is increasing. But there is a widespread and serious shortage of kidneys for transplantation, a shortage that can lead...
- 15From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 3, Issue 10) Peer-ReviewedIt is widely recognised that the huge population sizes of many Asian countries mean that although national HIV prevalence levels are still very low, very large absolute numbers of people are being infected each year with...
- 16From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 3, Issue 10) Peer-ReviewedABSTRACT Background Migrant workers in the United States have extremely poor health. This paper aims to identify ways in which the social context of migrant farm workers affects their health and health care....
- 17From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 3, Issue 10) Peer-ReviewedAs Assistant Secretary for Health (1998-2001) and Surgeon General (1998-2002) of the United States, I had the opportunity to lead in the development of Healthy People 2010. Healthy People 2010 is the current phase of the...
- 18From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 3, Issue 10) Peer-ReviewedThe modern concept of a social stigma comes from the work of American sociologist Erving Goffman, who described it as a response to a deeply discrediting attribute that devalues the person [1]. In the medical literature,...
- 19From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 3, Issue 10) Peer-ReviewedIn 2004 the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria ("Global Fund") awarded program grants to Burma (Myanmar) totaling US$98.4 million over five years--recognizing the severity of Burma's HIV/AIDS and...
- 20From: PLoS Medicine. (Vol. 3, Issue 10) Peer-ReviewedAt the end of 2005, about 40 million people worldwide were living with HIV/AIDS, most of them adults and 95 percent of them living in developing countries. Although vigorous prevention programs are under way in many...