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- 1From: Epigenetics & Chromatin. (Vol. 3) Peer-ReviewedBackground The physiological function of eukaryotic DNA occurs in the context of nucleosomal arrays that can expose or obscure defined segments of the genome. Certain DNA sequences are capable of strongly positioning...
- 2From: Epigenetics & Chromatin. (Vol. 3) Peer-ReviewedBackground X chromosome inactivation, the mechanism used by mammals to equalise dosage of X-linked genes in XX females relative to XY males, is triggered by chromosome-wide localisation of a cis-acting non-coding...
- 3From: Epigenetics & Chromatin. (Vol. 3) Peer-ReviewedBackground HP1 proteins are conserved components of eukaryotic constitutive heterochromatin. In mammals, there are three genes that encode HP1-like proteins, termed HP1[alpha], HP1[beta] and HP1[gamma], which have a...
- 4From: Epigenetics & Chromatin. (Vol. 3) Peer-ReviewedBackground During early mouse development, two extra-embryonic lineages form alongside the future embryo: the trophectoderm (TE) and the primitive endoderm (PrE). Epigenetic changes known to take place during these...
- 5From: Epigenetics & Chromatin. (Vol. 3) Peer-ReviewedBackground The linker histone H1 has a key role in establishing and maintaining higher order chromatin structure and in regulating gene expression. Mammals express up to 11 different H1 variants, with H1.2 and H1.4...
- 6From: Epigenetics & Chromatin. (Vol. 3) Peer-ReviewedBackground DNA methylation changes are widely used as early molecular markers in cancer detection. Sensitive detection and classification of rare methylation changes in DNA extracted from circulating body fluids or...
- 7From: Epigenetics & Chromatin. (Vol. 3) Peer-ReviewedBackground Genomic methylation patterns are established during gametogenesis, and perpetuated in somatic cells by faithful maintenance methylation. There have been previous indications that genomic methylation...
- 8From: Epigenetics & Chromatin. (Vol. 3) Peer-ReviewedBackground Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) activation of gene expression is both rapid and transient, and when properly executed it affects growth, differentiation, homeostasis and the immune...
- 9From: Epigenetics & Chromatin. (Vol. 3) Peer-ReviewedBackground Studies indicate that the 19S proteasome contributes to chromatin reorganization, independent of the role the proteasome plays in protein degradation. We have previously shown that components of the 19S...
- 10From: Epigenetics & Chromatin. (Vol. 3) Peer-ReviewedBackground Silencing of transgenes in mice is a common phenomenon typically associated with short multi-copy transgenes. We have investigated the regulation of the highly inducible human granulocyte-macrophage...
- 11From: Epigenetics & Chromatin. (Vol. 3) Peer-ReviewedBackground Centromeres are responsible for the proper segregation of replicated chromatids during cell division. Neocentromeres are fully functional ectopic human centromeres that form on low-copy DNA sequences and...
- 12From: Epigenetics & Chromatin. (Vol. 3) Peer-Reviewed
- 13From: Epigenetics & Chromatin. (Vol. 3) Peer-ReviewedBackground The field of epigenetics is developing rapidly, however we are only beginning to comprehend the complexity of its influence on gene regulation. Using genomic imprinting as a model we examine epigenetic...
- 14From: Epigenetics & Chromatin. (Vol. 3) Peer-ReviewedHistone acetylation is one of the key regulatory mechanisms controlling transcriptional activity in eukaryotic cells. In higher eukaryotes, a number of nuclear histone acetyltransferase (HAT) enzymes have been...
- 15From: Epigenetics & Chromatin. (Vol. 3) Peer-Reviewed
- 16From: Epigenetics & Chromatin. (Vol. 3) Peer-ReviewedBackground Incorporation of histone variants into chromatin is one of the epigenetic mechanisms used for regulation of gene expression. Macro (m)H2A is a histone variant that has two different subtypes in...
- 17From: Epigenetics & Chromatin. (Vol. 3) Peer-ReviewedBackground Epigenetic polymorphisms are a potential source of human diversity, but their frequency and relationship to genetic polymorphisms are unclear. DNA methylation, an epigenetic mark that is a covalent...
- 18From: Epigenetics & Chromatin. (Vol. 3) Peer-ReviewedBackground Vertebrate heterochromatin contains a non-allelic variant of the histone H2A called macroH2A1, which has the characteristic of being three times the size of the canonical H2A. The macroH2A1 C-terminal...
- 19From: Epigenetics & Chromatin. (Vol. 3) Peer-ReviewedBackground Brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1, also known as Smarca4 and Snf2[beta]) encodes an adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent catalytical subunit of the (switch/sucrose nonfermentable) (SWI/SNF) chromatin...
- 20From: Epigenetics & Chromatin. (Vol. 3) Peer-ReviewedBackground When the nuclei of mammalian somatic cells are transplanted to amphibian oocytes in the first meiotic prophase, they are rapidly induced to begin transcribing several pluripotency genes, including Sox2 and...