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- 1From: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. (Vol. 2, Issue 3) Peer-ReviewedAuthor(s): Cath Brooksbank In hostage situations, the armed police show up but they might not be needed -- provided that the negotiator does a good job. Likewise, the cell sometimes needs to prepare for a disaster that...
- 2From: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. (Vol. 2, Issue 3) Peer-ReviewedAuthor(s): Alison Mitchell For long-term survival a cell must take care of its telomeres. It needs to protect them from the DNA-repair apparatus -- which might otherwise view them as double-stranded breaks -- while...
- 3From: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. (Vol. 2, Issue 3) Peer-ReviewedAuthor(s): Raluca Gagescu About two years ago, the small GTPase Ran, well known as the regulator of nuclear transport, surprised many scientists by also taking centre stage in mitotic spindle assembly. Several groups...
- 4From: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. (Vol. 2, Issue 3) Peer-ReviewedAuthor(s): Christopher Surridge [1] Seedless fruit may be a pointless waste of resources for a plant, but the economic rewards of growing such crops are considerable. Whereas seedless grapes, bananas and oranges are...
- 5From: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. (Vol. 2, Issue 3) Peer-ReviewedAuthor(s): Alison Mitchell Bio Online, which began life as the Biological Research Network, International (BRNI) in 1992, claims to be recognized as "the first life sciences web site". Almost ten years on, and the site...
- 6From: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. (Vol. 2, Issue 3) Peer-ReviewedAuthor(s): Alison Mitchell, PhD [1]; Cath Brooksbank, PhD [2]; Raluca Gagescu, PhD [2] Cells -- the most compact of living spaces -- have to keep on top of their rubbish. This Focus issue on ubiquitin and proteasomes...
- 7From: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. (Vol. 2, Issue 3) Peer-ReviewedAuthor(s): Yoshinori Ohsumi [1] Cellular activities are maintained as a balance between the synthesis and breakdown of various proteins. Since the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway was found [1], short-lived proteins have...
- 8From: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. (Vol. 2, Issue 3) Peer-ReviewedAuthor(s): Alison Mitchell Somewhere between early S phase and G2/M lies a cell-cycle switch that allows gene expression to be silenced. In response to this event, the chromatin adopts an altered form --...
- 9From: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. (Vol. 2, Issue 3) Peer-ReviewedAuthor(s): Edward J. Wood [1] Our understanding of how living systems work has grown enormously during the past 150 years and shows no sign of diminishing. In this time-frame, biology has evolved from a descriptive to...
- 10From: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. (Vol. 2, Issue 3) Peer-ReviewedAuthor(s): Alison Mitchell Cancer cells find many ways to cheat death, but one puzzle is how they do so in malignant melanoma, where p53 -- a key trigger of apoptosis -- is often functional. The answer, revealed by...
- 11From: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. (Vol. 2, Issue 3) Peer-ReviewedTechnology A high signal-to-noise Ca2+ probe composed of a single green fluorescent protein. Nakai, J., Ohkura, M. & Imoto, K. Nature Biotechnol. 19 , 137?141 (2001) [PubMed] Currently available Ca2+ probes...
- 12From: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. (Vol. 2, Issue 3) Peer-ReviewedApoptosis Apoptotic molecular machinery: vastly increased complexity in vertebrates revealed by genome comparisons. Aravind, L. et al. Science 291 , 1279?1284 (2001) [Contents page] The apoptotic machinery...
- 13From: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. (Vol. 2, Issue 3) Peer-ReviewedProteins that are degraded by the proteasome are first modified by a set of enzymes that attach multiple copies of ubiquitin to substrate lysines, but a tiny minority, including the polyamine-synthesizing enzyme...
- 14From: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. (Vol. 2, Issue 3) Peer-ReviewedAuthor(s): Cath Brooksbank Every construction -- no matter how temporary -- needs sound foundations. So how are the clathrin coats that surround endocytic vesicles tethered to the plasma membrane? Two papers in the 9...
- 15From: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. (Vol. 2, Issue 3) Peer-ReviewedUbiquitylation ? the conjugation of proteins with a small protein called ubiquitin ? touches upon all aspects of eukaryotic biology, and its defective regulation is manifest in diseases that range from developmental...
- 16From: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. (Vol. 2, Issue 3) Peer-ReviewedThe changing landscape of education in biochemistry and molecular biology presents many challenges for the future, for students and educators alike. The exponential increase in knowledge, the genomics, proteomics and...
- 17From: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. (Vol. 2, Issue 3) Peer-ReviewedAuthor(s): Elaine Bell [1] Traffic lights regulate the movement of vehicles on roads by transmitting 'stop', 'get ready' and 'go' signals to drivers. Similarly, antigen-presenting cells use cytokines as stop and go...
- 18From: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. (Vol. 2, Issue 3) Peer-ReviewedMulti-ubiquitin chains at least four subunits long are required for efficient recognition and degradation of ubiquitylated proteins by the proteasome, but other functions of ubiquitin have been discovered that do not...
- 19From: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. (Vol. 2, Issue 3) Peer-ReviewedAuthor(s): Raluca Gagescu [illus. 1] Many pathogenic bacteria have the nasty habit of injecting proteins into the cytoplasm of their host to interfere with its signalling pathways. Gram-negative bacteria use syringes...
- 20From: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. (Vol. 2, Issue 3) Peer-ReviewedAuthor(s): Alison Schuldt BRCA2 is one of the best-known genes associated with breast and ovarian cancer, yet we know remarkably little about its role in the cell. Despite its large size (390 kDa), BRCA2 contains no...