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- 1From: Mobile DNA. (Vol. 2) Peer-ReviewedBackground Although humans and chimpanzees have accumulated significant differences in a number of phenotypic traits since diverging from a common ancestor about six million years ago, their genomes are more than...
- 2From: Mobile DNA. (Vol. 2) Peer-ReviewedBackground The two-step transposition pathway of insertion sequences of the IS3 family, and several other families, involves first the formation of a branched figure-of-eight (F-8) structure by an asymmetric single...
- 3From: Mobile DNA. (Vol. 2) Peer-ReviewedBackground Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) and ERV-like sequences comprise 8% of the human genome. A hitherto unknown proportion of ERV loci are transcribed and thus contribute to the human transcriptome. A small...
- 4From: Mobile DNA. (Vol. 2) Peer-ReviewedLong interspersed elements, type 1(LINE-1, L1) are the most abundant and only active autonomous retrotransposons in the human genome. Native L1 elements are inefficiently expressed because of a transcription elongation...
- 5From: Mobile DNA. (Vol. 2) Peer-ReviewedTransposable elements (TEs) are increasingly being recognized as powerful facilitators of evolution. We propose the TE-Thrust hypothesis to encompass TE-facilitated processes by which genomes self-engineer coding,...
- 6From: Mobile DNA. (Vol. 2) Peer-ReviewedBackground Integrons are found in hundreds of environmental bacterial species, but are mainly known as the agents responsible for the capture and spread of antibiotic-resistance determinants between Gram-negative...
- 7From: Mobile DNA. (Vol. 2) Peer-ReviewedBackground Determining the mechanisms by which transposable elements move within a genome increases our understanding of how they can shape genome evolution. Class 2 transposable elements transpose via a...
- 8From: Mobile DNA. (Vol. 2) Peer-ReviewedBackground The centromeric and pericentromeric regions of plant chromosomes are colonized by Ty3/gypsy retrotransposons, which, on the basis of their reverse transcriptase sequences, form the chromovirus CRM clade....
- 9From: Mobile DNA. (Vol. 2) Peer-ReviewedBackground "Domestication" of transposable elements (TEs) led to evolutionary breakthroughs such as the origin of telomerase and the vertebrate adaptive immune system. These breakthroughs were accomplished by the...
- 10From: Mobile DNA. (Vol. 2) Peer-ReviewedBackground The human genome contains approximately one million Alu elements which comprise more than 10% of human DNA by mass. Alu elements possess direction, and are distributed almost equally in positive and...
- 11From: Mobile DNA. (Vol. 2) Peer-ReviewedBackground The pFOXC retroplasmids are small, autonomously replicating DNA molecules found in mitochondria of certain strains of the filamentous fungus Fusarium oxysporum and are among the first linear genetic...
- 12From: Mobile DNA. (Vol. 2) Peer-ReviewedBackground R2 retrotransposable elements exclusively insert in the 28S rRNA genes of their host. Their RNA transcripts are produced by self-processing from a 28S R2 cotranscript. Because full-length R2 transcripts...
- 13From: Mobile DNA. (Vol. 2) Peer-ReviewedBackground The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system has been used for germline transgenesis of the diploid frog, Xenopus tropicalis. Injecting one-cell embryos with plasmid DNA harboring an SB transposon substrate...
- 14From: Mobile DNA. (Vol. 2) Peer-ReviewedBackground The transposon-based gene delivery technique is emerging as a method of choice for gene therapy. The Sleeping Beauty (SB) system has become one of the most favored methods, because of its efficiency and...
- 15From: Mobile DNA. (Vol. 2) Peer-ReviewedBackground Integrons are genetic elements able to integrate and disseminate genes as cassettes by a site-specific recombination mechanism. These elements contain a gene coding for an integrase that carries out...