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- 1From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 19, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedLeucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) produces error- free leucyl-[tRNA.sup.Leu] by coordinating translocation of the 3' end of (mis-)charged tRNAs from its synthetic site to a separate proofreading site for editing. Here we...
- 2From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 19, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedThe HIV-1 protein Nef inhibits antigen presentation by class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I). We determined the mechanism of this activity by solving the crystal structure of a protein complex comprising Nef,...
- 3From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 19, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedSTING (stimulator of interferon genes) is an essential signaling adaptor that mediates cytokine production in response to microbial invasion by directly sensing bacterial secondary messengers such as the cyclic...
- 4From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 19, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedHIV-1 avoids the immune detection of infected cells by preventing class I molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) bound to viral peptides from reaching the cell surface. A new structure shows how Nef...
- 5From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 19, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedEpigenetic deregulation at a number of genomic loci is one of the hallmarks of cancer. A role for some RNA molecules in guiding repressive polycomb complex PRC2 to specific chromatin regions has been proposed. Here we...
- 6From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 19, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedPoly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a primary DNA damage sensor whose (ADP-ribose) polymerase activity is acutely regulated by interaction with DNA breaks. upon activation at sites of DNA damage, PARP1 modifies...
- 7From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 19, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedMethylation of DNA and dimethylated histone H3 Lys9 (H3K9me2) are marks for epigenetic silencing, leading to higher-order compaction of chromatin. These methylation marks are usually enriched in regions containing...
- 8From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 19, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedThe energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric complex that is allosterically activated by AMP binding to the [gamma] subunit. Cocrystal structures of the mammalian AMPK core reveal occlusion...
- 9From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 19, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedRNA silencing is a sequence-specific gene regulation system conserved in eukaryotes, at the core of which lies the Argonaute protein family. Crystallographic studies of eukaryotic Argonaute proteins now reveal...
- 10From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 19, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedSTING functions as both an adaptor protein signaling cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA and a direct immunosensor of cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP). The crystal structures of the C-terminal domain of human...
- 11From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 19, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedTo understand how proteins fold, assemble and function, it is necessary to characterize the structure and dynamics of each state they adopt during their lifetime. Experimental characterization of the transient states of...
- 12From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 19, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedThe HIV-1 Nef protein associates with the cytoplasmic domain of class I MHC and with the [mu]1 subunit of clathin adaptor protein complex I, rerouting MHC I to the endolysosomal degradation pathway. The molecular...
- 13From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 19, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedThere is as yet no high-resolution data regarding the structure and organization of keratin intermediate filaments, which are obligate heteropolymers providing vital mechanical support in epithelia. We report the...
- 14From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 19, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedThe use of super-resolution imaging techniques, such as PALM and STORM, for studying cellular ultrastructures relies on photoactivatable fluorescent proteins (PAFPs). Some characteristics that are key to the performance...
- 15From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 19, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedSTING (stimulator of interferon genes) is an innate immune sensor of cyclic dinucleotides that regulates the induction of type I interferons. STING's C-terminal domain forms a V-shaped dimer and binds a cyclic...
- 16From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 19, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedWe present the first large-scale identification of lariats--the transient branched introns that are released as a byproduct of pre-mRNA splicing. The locations of the branchpoints in these introns provide insight into...
- 17From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 19, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedALKBH2 is a direct DNA repair dioxygenase guarding the mammalian genome against [N.sup.1]-methyladenine, [N.sup.3]-methylcytosine and 1,[N.sup.6]-ethenoadenine damage. A prerequisite for repair is to identify these...
- 18From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 19, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedTelomeres have 3' single-stranded overhangs that provide substrates for telomerase extension and prevent chromosome ends from being recognized as double-stranded breaks. But how these overhangs are generated and...
- 19From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 19, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedThe Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex tethers, processes and signals DNA double-strand breaks, promoting genomic stability. To understand the functional architecture of MRN, we determined the crystal structures of the...
- 20From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 19, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedAll living organisms maintain elaborate systems to recognize and repair damage to their genetic material. In multicellular organisms, defects in these systems can lead to the accumulation of DNA mutations and,...