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- 1From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedTargeting of enzymes regulating chromatin organization to specific histone residues is a key element in the hugely complex system of epigenetic signaling that controls gene regulation and repair. Understanding of how...
- 2From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedThe Dam1 kinetochore complex is essential for chromosome segregation in budding yeast. This ten-protein complex selfassembles around microtubules, forming ring-like structures that move with depolymerizing microtubule...
- 3From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedPhosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) regulate many cellular processes and are linked to several cancers. The PI3K catalytic subunit, p110 α dimerizes with the p85 regulatory subunit, resulting in enzyme inhibition. Some...
- 4From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedThe human p100 protein is a vital transcription regulator that increases gene transcription by forming a physical bridge between promoter-specific activators and the basal transcription machinery. Here we demonstrate...
- 5From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedSeveral categories of small (~20- to 30-nucleotide) RNA molecules--including short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs)--have recently emerged as important regulators of gene...
- 6From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedIn bacteria, disassembly of the ribosome at the end of translation is facilitated by an essential protein factor termed ribosome recycling factor (RRF), which works in concert with elongation factor G. Here we describe...
- 7From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedHuman fatty acid synthase (FAS) is uniquely expressed at high levels in many tumor types. Pharmacological inhibition of FAS therefore represents an important therapeutic opportunity. The drug Orlistat, which has been...
- 8From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedThe MAP kinase (MAPK) pathway transmits signals from receptors at the plasma membrane into the cell to regulate cell differentiation and proliferation. Key to this pathway is the activation of Ras by GTP binding, which...
- 9From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedThe regulatory (R) region of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is intrinsically disordered and must be phosphorylated at multiple sites for full CFTR channel activity, with no one specific...
- 10From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedAminoglycosides are widely used antibiotics that cause messenger RNA decoding errors, block mRNA and transfer RNA translocation, and inhibit ribosome recycling. Ribosome recycling follows the termination of protein...
- 11From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedHow does RNA polymerase II cooperate with initiation factors to locate transcription start sites throughout the genome? A new cross-linking approach reveals previously unknown initiation factor--binding sites on the...
- 12From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedJMJD2A is a JmjC histone demethylase (HDM) that catalyzes the demethylation of di- and trimethylated Lys9 and Lys36 in histone H3 (H3K9me2/3 and H3K36me2/3). Here we present the crystal structures of the JMJD2A catalytic...
- 13From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedDouble-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) cause cell death and genome instability. Homologous recombination is a major DSB repair pathway that operates by forming joint molecules with homologous DNA sequences, which are used as...
- 14From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedWe incorporated the non-natural photoreactive amino acid p-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine (Bpa) into the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) surface surrounding the central cleft formed by the Rpb1 and Rpb2 subunits. Photo-cross-linking...
- 15From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedInternal protein motions seem to be closely linked to functions such as enzyme catalysis. To investigate this interconnection, it is important to be able to characterize the relevant time-dependent protein motions from...
- 16From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedAquaporin (AQP) folding in the endoplasmic reticulum is characterized by two distinct pathways of membrane insertion that arise from divergent residues within the second transmembrane segment. We now show that in AQP1...
- 17From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedCertain biologists (along with club-hoppers, flip-floppers and sabermetricians) felt the glow of literary respectability earlier this year: the words apoptosis, protein kinase and primosome passed the scrutiny of the...
- 18From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedDNA topoisomerases relieve DNA supercoiling, an activity essential for cell survival. Type IB topoisomerase (TopIB) forms a transient covalent bond with DNA, creating a single-stranded nick that allows DNA to swivel;...
- 19From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedThe product of the breast cancer-1 gene, BRCA1, plays a crucial part in the DNA damage response through its interactions with many proteins, including BACH1, CtIP and RAP80. Here we identify a coiled-coil...
- 20From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 8) Peer-ReviewedBreast cancer-1 (BRCA1) participates in the DNA damage response. However, the mechanism by which BRCA1 is recruited to DNA damage sites remains elusive. Recently, we have demonstrated that a ubiquitin-binding protein,...