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- 1From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 12) Peer-ReviewedIn eukaryotic cells, DNA replication initiates from numerous origins and must be coordinated such that each origin is activated only once during each S phase. To this end, a system has evolved that features periodic...
- 2From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 12) Peer-ReviewedThe most complex RNA pseudouridylases are H/ACA ribonucleoprotein particles, which use a guide RNA for substrate capture and four proteins (Cbf5, Nop10, Garl and VAe/NHP2) for substrate modification. Here we report the...
- 3From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 12) Peer-ReviewedDespite the advent of antibiotics and vaccines, infectious diseases still account for around one-third of worldwide deaths, according to the World Health Organization. A molecular understanding of how pathogens cause...
- 4From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 12) Peer-ReviewedMessenger RNAs produced by splicing are translated more efficiently than those produced from similar intronless precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNAs). The exon-junction complex (EJC) probably mediates this enhancement, however,...
- 5From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 12) Peer-ReviewedTranscription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) takes place in a stepwise manner, with initiation complex formation followed by promoter escape and elongation. However, Pol II stalling has also been observed, immediately...
- 6From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 12) Peer-ReviewedThe Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) gene has essential roles in neural wiring and pathogen recognition in Drosophila melanogaster. Dscam encodes 38,016 distinct isoforms via extensive alternative splicing....
- 7From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 12) Peer-ReviewedThe idea that mismatch repair (MMR) could increase the fidelity of DNA replication was proposed three decades ago by Meselson and colleagues (1) and validated by findings that MMR is essential for maintaining genomic...
- 8From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 12) Peer-ReviewedDNA damage repair is crucial for the maintenance of genome integrity and cancer suppression. We found that loss of the mouse transcription factor YY1 resulted in polyploidy and chromatid aberrations, which are signatures...
- 9From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 12) Peer-ReviewedAutotransporters are virulence factors produced by Gram-negative bacteria. They consist of two domains, an N-terminal 'passenger' domain and a C-terminal β-domain. β-domains form β-barrel structures in the outer membrane...
- 10From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 12) Peer-ReviewedBacteriophage P22 infects Salmonella enterica by injecting its genetic material through the cell envelope. During infection, a specialized tail needle, gp26, is injected into the host, likely piercing a hole in the host...
- 11From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 12) Peer-ReviewedWe describe a mechanism connecting the adaptive behavior of the bacterial mechanosensitive channel MscS to the flexibility of the pore-lining helix TM3. Simulated expansion of the channel structure revealed straightening...
- 12From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 12) Peer-ReviewedThe anticancer drug cisplatin forms 1,2-d(GpG) DNA intrastrand cross-links (cisplatin lesions) that stall RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and trigger transcription-coupled DNA repair. Here we present a structure-function...
- 13From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 12) Peer-ReviewedThe nuclear receptors REV-ERBα (encoded by NR1D1) and REV-ERBβ (NR1D2) have remained orphans owing to the lack of identified physiological ligands. Here we show that heme is a physiological ligand of both receptors. Heme...
- 14From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 12) Peer-ReviewedIn extant cellular organisms, proteinbased DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RNAPs) transcribe DNA genomes in a highly regulated fashion. In the ancient "RNA world" (1), however, the RNA-based replicase is proposed to have...
- 15From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 12) Peer-ReviewedThe general transcription factors (GTFs) of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II, in a process facilitated by regulatory and accessory factors, target promoters through synergistic interactions with core elements. The specific...
- 16From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 12) Peer-ReviewedCell-specific patterns of gene expression are established through the antagonistic functions of trithorax group (TrxG) and Polycomb group (PcG) proteins. Several muscle-specific genes have previously been shown to be...
- 17From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 12) Peer-ReviewedPatterns of gene expression that determine the spatial organization of multicellular organisms depend on combinations of a remarkably modest collection of transcriptional regulators. For example, transcription factors in...
- 18From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 12) Peer-ReviewedThe unfolded protein response (UPR) is triggered by the detrimental accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. UPR activates cytoprotective pathways that reduce translation and induce chaperone...
- 19From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 12) Peer-ReviewedThe 26S proteasome holoenzyme is formed by the association of a 20S core particle (CP) with a 19S regulatory particle (RP). The CP-RP interaction is labile and subject to regulation in vivo, but the factors controlling...
- 20From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 12) Peer-ReviewedDiffusible subfibrillar aggregates of amyloid proteins are potent neurotoxins and primary suspects in amyloid diseases including Alzheimer's disease. Despite widespread interest, the molecular structures of the amyloid...