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- 1From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 11) Peer-Reviewed[K.sup.+] channels undergo a time-dependent slow inactivation process that plays a key role in modulating cellular excitability. Here we show that in the prokaryotic proton-gated [K.sup.+] channel KcsA, the number and...
- 2From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 11) Peer-ReviewedChromatin remodelers are ATP-hydrolyzing machines specialized to restructure, mobilize or eject nucleosomes, allowing regulated exposure of DNA in chromatin. Recently, remodelers have been analyzed using single-molecule...
- 3From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 11) Peer-ReviewedAlthough it is believed that the interconversion between permissive and refractory chromatin structures is important in regulating gene transcription, this process is poorly understood. Central to addressing this issue...
- 4From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 11) Peer-ReviewedThe new Hall of Human Origins at the American Museum of Natural History in New York brings together evidence illustrating the evolutionary changes in hominid form that may have so profoundly affected function. Before...
- 5From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 11) Peer-ReviewedFaithful duplication of the genome requires structure-specific endonucleases such as the RuvABC complex in Escherichia coli. These enzymes help to resolve problems at replication forks that have been disrupted by DNA...
- 6From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 11) Peer-ReviewedG-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of membrane proteins and participate in a variety of important signaling events. GPCRs each have seven transmembranespanning helices (TMs), an...
- 7From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 11) Peer-ReviewedIn eukaryotes, DNA is organized into chromatin in a dynamic manner that enables it to be accessed for processes such as transcription and repair. Histones, the chief protein component of chromatin, must be assembled,...
- 8From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 11) Peer-ReviewedGenome integrity is monitored by DNA damage checkpoint pathways that delay or arrest the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. DNA damage checkpoints can cause G1/S arrest to prevent replication of damaged DNA or G2/M...
- 9From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 11) Peer-ReviewedLocal nucleosome-nucleosome interactions in cis drive chromatin folding, whereas interactions in trans lead to fiber-fiber oligomerization. Here we show that peptides derived from the histone H4 tail and Kaposi's sarcoma...
- 10From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 11) Peer-ReviewedPrp8 protein (Prp8p) is a highly conserved pre-mRNA splicing factor and a component of spliceosomal U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Although it is ubiquitously expressed, mutations in the C terminus of...
- 11From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 11) Peer-ReviewedHistones comprise the major protein component of chromatin, the scaffold in which the eukaryotic genome is packaged, and are subject to many types of post-translational modifications (PTMs), especially on their flexible...
- 12From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 11) Peer-ReviewedHistones undergo several different post-translational modifications that control a variety of physiological processes. These covalent modifications show substantial cross-regulation, providing a wealth of regulatory...
- 13From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 11) Peer-ReviewedTo accompany the Focus on Chromatin appearing in this issue of Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, a series of primers has been specially prepared that covers the wealth of knowledge in four areas of chromatin...
- 14From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 11) Peer-ReviewedOprD proteins form a large family of substrate-specific outer-membrane channels in Gram-negative bacteria. We report here the X-ray crystal structure of OprD from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which reveals a monomeric...
- 15From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 11) Peer-ReviewedCovalent modifications of histones are central to the regulation of chromatin dynamics, and, therefore, many biological processes involving chromatin, such as replication, repair, transcription and genome stability, are...
- 16From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 11) Peer-ReviewedEven though chromatin is arguably one of the most studied entities in the eukaryotic cell and is central to most nuclear processes that require access to genomic DNA, many mysteries regarding its structure remain....
- 17From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 11) Peer-Reviewed[K.sup.+] channels conduct and regulate [K.sup.+] flux across the cell membrane. Several crystal structures and biophysical studies of tetrameric ion channels have revealed many of the structural details of ion...
- 18From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 11) Peer-ReviewedChromosomes are the largest and least well understood of cellular organelles. The challenge lies in a combination of complex biochemistry and inhomogeneous structure. This combination underlies chromosome function and is...
- 19From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 11) Peer-ReviewedPost-translational modification of histones can profoundly affect chromatin structure and function. The discovery that histone H3 Arg2 methylation is a widespread silencing modification that inhibits histone H3 Lys4...
- 20From: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. (Vol. 14, Issue 11) Peer-ReviewedThe cyanobacterial circadian oscillator can be reconstituted in vitro by mixing three purified clock proteins, KaiA, KaiB and KaiC, with ATP. The KaiC phosphorylation rhythm persists for at least 10 days without damping....