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- 1From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 122, Issue 6) Peer-ReviewedStreptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of severe bacterial meningitis in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. To identify virulence factors preferentially expressed during meningitis, we...
- 2From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 122, Issue 6) Peer-ReviewedAldosterone, which plays a central role in the regulation of blood pressure, is produced by zona glomerulosa (ZG) cells of the adrenal gland. When dysregulated, aldosterone is pathogenic and contributes to the...
- 3From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 122, Issue 6) Peer-ReviewedWe are joined by Dr. Lloyd Hollingsworth Smith Jr., known to most of his friends as Holly (Figure 1), for the next in our series of Conversations with Giants in Medicine. Smith is recognized for leading the University...
- 4From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 122, Issue 6) Peer-ReviewedAlthough dysregulation of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) promotes leukemogenesis, how mTORC1 affects estab-lished leukemia is unclear. We investigated the role of mTORC1 in mouse hematopoiesis using a mouse model of...
- 5From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 122, Issue 6) Peer-ReviewedUnderstanding the mechanisms underlying oro-gustatory detection of dietary fat is critical for the prevention and treatment of obesity. The lipid-binding glycoprotein CD36, which is expressed by circumvallate papillae...
- 6From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 122, Issue 6) Peer-ReviewedHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies resistant to current chemotherapies or radiotherapies, which makes it urgent to identify new therapeutic targets for HCC. In this study, we found...
- 7From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 122, Issue 6) Peer-ReviewedGlyoxalase 1 (Glo1) expression has previously been associated with anxiety in mice; however, its role in anxiety is controversial, and the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that GLO1 increases...
- 8From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 122, Issue 6) Peer-ReviewedHuman vascular malformations cause disease as a result of changes in blood flow and vascular hemodynamic forces. Although the genetic mutations that underlie the formation of many human vascular malformations are known,...
- 9From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 122, Issue 6) Peer-ReviewedChronic obstructive pulmonary disease/emphysema (COPD/emphysema) is characterized by chronic inflammation and premature lung aging. Anti-aging sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a NAD+-dependent protein/histone deacetylase, is reduced...
- 10From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 122, Issue 6) Peer-ReviewedItch, also known as pruritus, is a common, intractable symptom of several skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and xerosis. TLRs mediate innate immunity and regulate neuropathic pain, but their roles in pruritus are...
- 11From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 122, Issue 6) Peer-ReviewedCancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of cancer cells that have increased resistance to conventional therapies and are capable of establishing metastasis. However, only a few biomarkers of CSCs have been...
- 12From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 122, Issue 6) Peer-ReviewedIn the catabolic state with no food intake, the liver generates ketones by breaking down fatty acids. During the nocturnal fast or longer starvation periods, this protects the brain, which cannot oxidize fatty acids. In...
- 13From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 122, Issue 6) Peer-ReviewedA promising approach to cancer therapy is to elicit apoptosis with "BH3 mimetic" drugs, which target proteins of the BCL-2 family. As of yet, however, such drugs can target only certain BCL-2 family proteins. Hence, in...
- 14From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 122, Issue 6) Peer-ReviewedIntestinal barrier function requires intricate cooperation between intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells. Enteropathogens are able to invade the intestinal lymphoid tissue known as Peyer's patches (PPs) and...
- 15From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 122, Issue 6) Peer-ReviewedThe mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is activated in the majority of human malignancies and thus seems a likely therapeutic target. However, this pathway is genetically complex, complicating studies using...
- 16From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 122, Issue 6) Peer-ReviewedBeare-Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome (BSS) is a human genetic disorder characterized by skin and skull abnormalities. BSS is caused by mutations in the FGF receptor 2 (FGFR2), but the molecular mechanisms that induce...
- 17From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 122, Issue 6) Peer-ReviewedAngiopoietin-2 (ANG-2) is a key regulator of angiogenesis that exerts context-dependent effects on ECs. ANG-2 binds the endothelial-specific receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (TIE2) and acts as a negative regulator of...
- 18From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 122, Issue 6) Peer-ReviewedEffective control and eradication of malaria will require new tools to prevent transmission. Current antimalar-ial therapies targeting the asexual stage of Plasmodium do not prevent transmission of circulating...
- 19From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 122, Issue 6) Peer-ReviewedTelomere shortening limits the proliferative capacity of a cell, but perhaps surprisingly, shortening is also known to be associated with increased rates of tumor initiation. A current hypothesis suggests that telomere...
- 20From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 122, Issue 6) Peer-ReviewedGlucocorticoids acting through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) inhibit TNF-induced lethal inflammation. Here, we demonstrate that GR dimerization plays a role in reducing TNF sensitivity. In mutant mice unable to...