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- 1From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 121, Issue 9) Peer-ReviewedThe development of drugs for CNS indications is not an efficient process; only 8% of candidate drugs that enter clinical trials gain FDA approval. A key reason for this low success rate is a paucity of preclinical tests...
- 2From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 121, Issue 9) Peer-ReviewedT cell Ig domain and mucin domain protein 1 (TIM-1) is a costimulatory molecule that regulates immune responses by modulating CD[4.sup.+] T cell effector differentiation. However, the function of TIM-1 on other immune...
- 3From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 121, Issue 9) Peer-ReviewedThe heterotrimeric G protein subunit [G.sub.s][alpha] stimulates cAMP-dependent signaling downstream of G protein-coupled receptors. In this study, we set out to determine the role of [G.sub.s][alpha] signaling in cells...
- 4From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 121, Issue 9) Peer-ReviewedFor decades, investigators have made numerous attempts to generate human pancreatic [beta] cell lines that could be used to advance [beta] cell biology, facilitate drug discovery, and provide a pathway to [beta]cell...
- 5From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 121, Issue 9) Peer-ReviewedChronic kidney disease (CKD) results from a wide array of processes that impair the kidney's ability to perform its major functions. As many as 20 million Americans suffer from CKD and nearly a half million from...
- 6From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 121, Issue 9) Peer-ReviewedIntestinal enteroendocrine cells are critical to central regulation of caloric consumption, since they activate hypothalamic circuits that decrease appetite and thereby restrict meal size by secreting hormones in...
- 7From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 121, Issue 9) Peer-ReviewedPemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a severe autoimmune disease involving blistering of the skin and mucous mebranes. It is caused by autoantibodies against desmoglein 3 (Dsg3), an adhesion molecule critical for maintaining...
- 8From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 121, Issue 9) Peer-ReviewedWe live in a time of increased spending, mounting debt, and few remedies for balancing the federal budget that have bipartisan support. Unfortunately, one recent target for decreased allocations of the federal budget is...
- 9From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 121, Issue 9) Peer-ReviewedRenal tubulointerstitial damage is the final common pathway leading from chronic kidney disease to end-stage renal disease. Inflammation is clearly involved in tubulointerstitial injury, but it remains unclear how the...
- 10From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 121, Issue 9) Peer-ReviewedThe drug development process for CNS indications is hampered by a paucity of preclinical tests that accurately predict drug efficacy in humans. Here, we show that a wide variety of CNS-active drugs induce characteristic...
- 11From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 121, Issue 9) Peer-ReviewedFaraz Farooq, Francisco Abadia Molina, Jeremiah Hadwen, Duncan MacKenzie, Luke Witherspoon, Matthew Osmond, Martin Holcik, and Alex MacKenzie Original citation: J Clin Invest. 2011;121(8):3042-3050....
- 12From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 121, Issue 9) Peer-ReviewedMerkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) is the recently discovered cause of most Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs), an aggressive form of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Although MCV is known to integrate into the tumor cell genome and to...
- 13From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 121, Issue 9) Peer-ReviewedParkinson disease (PD) is a relatively common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. About 5%-10% of PD cases are inherited. Mutations...
- 14From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 121, Issue 9) Peer-ReviewedIt is unclear whether neurogenesis occurs in the adult mammalian enteric nervous system (ENS). Neural crest-derived cells capable of forming multilineage colonies in culture, and neurons and glia upon transplantation...
- 15From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 121, Issue 9) Peer-ReviewedStreptococcus pneumoniae serially colonizes the mucosal surface of the human upper respiratory tract (URT). Each colonization event lasts several weeks to months before it is cleared by monocytes/macrophages that are...
- 16From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 121, Issue 9) Peer-ReviewedPneumococcal infection of the respiratory tract is often secondary to recent influenza virus infection and accounts for much of the morbidity and mortality during seasonal and pandemic influenza. Here, we show that...
- 17From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 121, Issue 9) Peer-Reviewed
OSCAR is a collagen receptor that costimulates osteoclastogenesis in DAP12-deficient humans and mice
Osteoclasts are terminally differentiated leukocytes that erode the mineralized bone matrix. Osteoclastogenesis requires costimulatory receptor signaling through adaptors containing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based... - 18From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 121, Issue 9) Peer-ReviewedReduced bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) expression in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) can impair pulmonary arterial EC (PAEC) function. This can adversely affect EC survival and promote...
- 19From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 121, Issue 9) Peer-ReviewedIn rodents, acute brain insulin action reduces blood glucose levels by suppressing the expression of enzymes in the hepatic gluconeogenic pathway, thereby reducing gluconeogenesis and endogenous glucose production...
- 20From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 121, Issue 9) Peer-ReviewedMutations in myocilin (MYOC) are the most common genetic cause of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), but the mechanisms underlying MYOC-associated glaucoma are not fully understood. Here, we report the development of a...