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- 1From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 116, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedCTL-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) blockade releases inhibitory controls on T cell activation and proliferation, inducing antitumor immunity in both preclinical and early clinical trials. We examined the mechanisms of...
- 2From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 116, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedCongenital hydrocephalus affects 0.1-0.3% of live births, with a high mortality rate (~50%) in the absence of surgical intervention. Although the insertion of shunts alleviates the symptoms of the majority of congenital...
- 3From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 116, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedAdenosine has been described as playing a role in the control of inflammation, but it has not been certain which of its receptors mediate this effect. Here, we generated an [A.sub.2B] adenosine receptor-knockout/reporter...
- 4From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 116, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedClinical trials of bone marrow stem/progenitor cell therapy after myocardial infarction (MI) have shown promising results, but the mechanism of benefit is unclear. We examined the nature of endogenous myocardial repair...
- 5From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 116, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedParkinson disease (PD) is a relatively common disorder of the nervous system that afflicts patients later in life with tremor, slowness of movement, gait instability, and rigidity. Treatment of these cardinal features of...
- 6From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 116, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedClass IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate a variety of cellular processes, including cardiac growth, bone development, and specification of skeletal muscle fiber type. Multiple serine/threonine kinases control the...
- 7From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 116, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedLeptin and insulin have been identified as fuel sensors acting in part through their hypothalamic receptors to inhibit food intake and stimulate energy expenditure. As their intracellular signaling converges at the PI3K...
- 8From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 116, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedThe major focus of this Review is on the mechanisms of islet β cell failure in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D). As this demise occurs within the context of β cell compensation for insulin...
- 9From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 116, Issue 7) Peer-Reviewed[CD4.sup.+][CD25.sup.+] Tregs regulate immunity, but little is known about their own regulation. We now report that the human 60-kDa heat shock protein (HSP60) acts as a costimulator of human Tregs, both...
- 10From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 116, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedInsulin has pleiotropic biological effects in virtually all tissues. However, the relevance of insulin signaling in peripheral tissues has been studied far more extensively than its role in the brain. An evolving body of...
- 11From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 116, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedNeutrophil NADPH oxidase plays a key role in host defense and in inflammation by releasing large amounts of superoxide and other ROSs. Proinflammatory cytokines such as GM-CSF and TNF-α prime ROS production by...
- 12From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 116, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedCholesterol is the obligate precursor to adrenal steroids but is cytotoxic at high concentrations. Here, we show the role of the liver X receptors (LXRα and LXRβ) in preventing accumulation of free cholesterol in mouse...
- 13From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 116, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedMutations in genes encoding desmosomal proteins have been identified as the major cause of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVC), in which the right ventricle is "replaced" by fibrofatty...
- 14From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 116, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedHydrocephalus is a common and potentially devastating birth defect affecting the CNS, and its relationship with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is unknown. We have expressed 2, 4, or 6 copies of a GPCR--the human...
- 15From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 116, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedHow fat works Philip A. Wood Harvard University Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. 2006. 272 pp. $35.00. ISBN: 0-674-01947-4 (hardcover). How fat works, by Philip A. Wood, presents a biochemist and molecular...
- 16From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 116, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedTo develop an animal model of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection uniquely suited to evaluate longitudinal patterns of viral gene expression, cell tropism, and immune responses, we injected NOD/SCID...
- 17From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 116, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedAdiponectin is an adipokine that is specifically and abundantly expressed in adipose tissue and directly sensitizes the body to insulin. Hypoadiponectinemia, caused by interactions of genetic factors such as SNPs in the...
- 18From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 116, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedRecent data underscore the importance of intertissue communication in the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis. Important signals are conveyed by hormones, cytokines, and fuel substrates and are sensed through a...
- 19From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 116, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedCholangiocellular carcinoma (CC), the second most common primary liver cancer, is associated with a poor prognosis. It has been shown that CCs harbor alterations of a number of tumor-suppressor genes and oncogenes, yet...
- 20From: Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Vol. 116, Issue 7) Peer-ReviewedArrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in desmosomal proteins. The phenotypic hallmark of ARVC is fibroadipocytic replacement of cardiac myocytes, which...